The Great American Indigence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Great Ameri stop Indigence - Research Paper ExampleIf the income distribution of a grocery is not equal, then the resource allocation becomes ineffective. In such circumstances, the economy gets bifurcated into two groups namely, the haves and the have nots. An increase in the strength of the latter is the underlie factor which generates poverty in the economy. This research paper will explain the poverty of U.S. in details. United States PovertyPoverty is the state of misery that can exist in any nation in the world. If a nation is poor people, then it is not capable of meeting the basic requirements of its citizens. Poverty not besides dampens the frugal prosperity of a country, but also brings about the downfall of human development in a nation1. This research paper will view the extent of poverty in United States. It was earlier believed by the economists that poverty only had its presence in the lagging and underdeveloped nations in the world. However, the contemporary economic affairs of the world show that rich developed nations like, United States, also house substantial amount of poverty in its domestic economy.Poverty in United States As recorded in 2011, the take aim of poverty in United States was about 15%. It was estimated that around 46.2 million individuals in the country were poor11. The average level of the family incomes of the individuals of the country had fallen by almost 1.5% from 2010 to 2011. It has been claimed by the researchers that the poverty in U.S. is actually responsible for the rise in the countrys level of unemployment. After the globalization of the world economy in 1990, the competences of the developed nations have fallen significantly. The fall in the core competences in U.S. have resulted in a decline in employment opportunities in the nation. The fall in the income prospects have increased the poverty in U.S. Then again, the poverty in U.S. is seen to be principally urban in nature. III. Causes of Poverty The re are various causes or reasons that have caused the poverty in U.S. The big American corporate companies always outsource their requirement of skilled labor work force from the developing nations in the world. This is because skilled and educated workers in those nations are available at a cheaper cost. This has made the U.S. workforce less competitive in nature, thereby lacking the proper knowledge which is needed for maintaining high paid jobs. Thus, lack of higher education and knowledge among the jejuneness of U.S. is a prime reason for its impending urban poverty. The recession in the world economy since 2007 has added fuel to the fire of dismay for the U.S. individuals. Low velocity of currency circulation in the economy has reduced the productivity and investment thresholds of the nation2. A fall in the level of productivity in the economy has been responsible for the job losings in the nation. In figure 1 at the end, it can be observed that down the years from 1968 to 20 12, the workforce participation in U.S. did not increase. Rather, the contract shows a fall in the employment opportunities. Then again, it is obvious and quite natural that the population strength of the country has increased with time. The employment level in the nation has not increased in equivalence to the rise in the population of the nation10. This shows that a large proportion of the individuals in U.S. is unemployed and therefore, leads their lives as poor urban individuals. The

How Authentic And Religious Are Virtual Rituals Essay

How Authentic And Religious Are Virtual Rituals - Essay ExampleThe accessibility of schooling online has drawn more people to virtual religious places, thus pulling them further away from offline, real-life religion. Connelly attests to this observation when he states that the lack of Buddhist teachers and learning centers, among other factors, has facilitated the growth of an online Buddhist ritual guerrilla feeling. Helland views a ritual as an individual or communal engagement undertaken for sacred reasons, which allows a mortal to have contact with the supernatural. A ritual can also be performed as a form of expressing cordial cohesion and preserving culture. In terms of social cohesion, Connelly states that through Second Life, feel like they belong to a community in which there are expressive involvements. The problem with online rituals as Helland states is that a person may decide to develop individual religiosity and deviate from what their traditional religious auth ority prescribes. These cyber rituals allow for few form of religious freedom that some strict religions are not comfortable with. According to Helland this raises the question of authenticity and authority of the people carrying out the rituals and the rituals themselves. Judging by this form of evaluation, Second Life would seem legitimate because, as Connelly states, almost of the facilitators are ordained priest in real-life, who lead venture rituals at Buddha centers.7. That aside, many questions are asked about the authenticity of the symbols found online and the sacredness of online space. The seriousness or level of religiousness of these symbols and the rituals they are used in is what bothers many religious observers. Although many people who are involved in online rituals claim that these rituals are as valid as real-life physical rituals, this issue remains to be a subject of debate. According to Connelly the symbols used in Second Life include donation boxes, statue of Buddha, incense, and meditation cushions8. These symbols, among others are a representation of the actual artifacts found at the Buddha Center. Virtual pilgrimages according to Helland are one of the most common points of disagreement between participants and observers9. The fact that such pilgrimages are called virtual pilgrimages makes observers hold the view that they are unreal. Here, it appears that observers measure the authenticity of pilgrimages using physical presence. In essence, this argument holds that a pilgrimage could only be valid if a person went physically to a place that is recognized as sacred by their religion. On the other hand, believers and practitioners of online religion believe that a spiritual journey does not have to bet physical, it can be metaphorical. For example, in addressing silent meditation in Second Life, Connelly states that while participants are meditating online, they are represented by avatars10. These avatars sit cross-legged in a room and they form a semicircle facing the statue of Buddha. Participants in Second Life even prostrate three times before entering the temple, in addition to using such manner of speaking as Namaste at the final chime, in order to thank the facilitator. Yet, the availability of exceptionally good images and sounds that allows someone to make an electronic pilgrimage inside their creative thinker is real to those who believe. Helland states that there are those web developers who take the virtual sacred travels more real by, for example, connect with the actual places. This way, these developers can place sacred row or prayer items that can be read to the online audience during the virtual pilgrimage. In silent meditation, according to Connell

African American Women Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

African American Wo workforce - Article ExampleIrrespective of their race, worship & class women were not seen as women in the society in the beginning of this carbon. The woman, often conceived and the childbirth sacrifice become dangerous. There was no birth figure system in yester-years. The abortion was treated as an unlawful thing. During this century, the life styles of women have changed vastly. The activities of women have brought an important role in transformation of women. Many workingwomen have reached pinnacles in their selective fields. They have become champions in the fields of educational institutions, science and technology. Now the women are more economically stronger and independent than a century ago. The women are not involved in union activities.Now the black women in USA can exercise their franchise not like in past days. Now the women are well educated and participated in national politics. The African American women were first employed in jobs during t he currency of First World War. aft(prenominal) the First World War, the services rendered by the woman were forgotten, as they did not enter into domestic service. The start of industries gave some opportunities to women to get good jobs with good returns. The function of women in second world war and the role played by them brought changes in awareness and consciousness within the women and the in the society too. The politicians thought of safeguarding the interests of women at their respective work place. The women desired to stick to their jobs by showing their individuality but some women wanted to come back to their domestic service. The work reap of woman has largely increased in the year 1940 when compared to the work force of women in the year1939. After Second World War the need of education in higher education and technology has been increased for women after 1960, the entire world wanted to bring a change in inequality irrespective of their class, race and religion.T he history of the African American women is the product of time of century old women. It is the growth of the African American women for the last 25 years, which focused on their memories, testimonies and pointing surface womens experience. After events of revolution in 1968, the socialist feminism is possible once again the world, liberation of women in capitalism. At the end of 1960, the emergence of feminist mannikin and civil rights movement could be seen. In 1980s Thatcher and Reagan have elaborated the same. In both the countries of USA and Britain have contrasts of class, race, ethnicity, along with region, age and disability. The books did not fly the coop a definite socialist analysis of the history of women in twentieth centuries. The working class woman has not transformed the liberation of women forward. In 20th century, the women have achieved, in many nations, the right to vote, increased their changes in educational and job opportunities. Women used to feel wifehoo d and motherhood were most important events in their career. biography shows that women is creative source of human life, women are always treated as inferior to men, since olden days. The attitude towards women was favorable in the east. In USA, the women were felt weaker than men as they couldnt do hard work which requires muscle power. In women, the Americans found lack of intellectual development. The women were allowed to attend domestic works such as compassionate of children, cooking cleaning of house and washing clothes. It was felt that womens main role in the society was to give birth to children. In the present scenario, because of major publicity to follow contraceptive methods

Violence in the media Essay Example for Free

Violence in the media Es conjectureDoes violence in the media affect bulks social doings? A lot of research has been d angiotensin converting enzyme on this matter. Even though the mass media can non be solely blamed for the increase in violence this century, it is low-cal that the development has coincided with an increase in violence shown on television and video. According to the UN Childrens Convention, children should be able to have access to information from the mass media which promotes understanding, tolerance, equality and peace. Children excessively have the right to be encourageed, from reddened and manipulating media. Even though 187 countries have signed this convention, few countries follow up, and even if they do they have little say about over international mass media such as satellite television and Internet.There was an interesting study on the web, about how many people get offended by violence on television (see below). It shows how many people are of fended by violence and sex in the quartet main programmes.Major effects of children watching violent programs on television areChildren whitethorn become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of early(a)sChildren may be more fearful of the world around themChildren may be more likely to behave in war-ridden or harmful ship canal toward others.Children, who watch a lot of TV, are less aroused by violent scenes then those who only watch a little in other words, theyre less bothered by violence in general and less likely to see anything wrong with it. Children, who have been watching violent programmes on TV, oft sequences behave differently. A study done at Pennsylvania State University showed that children who had just watched violent, even just funny cartoons, were more likely to hit, argue, disobey rules, go away tasks unfinished, and more impatient then the children who had just watched non-violent shows.It has been calculated that the average 16-year-old in Western society hasseen about 13,000 violent murders on television, and it seems reasonable to assume that this must(prenominal) have some effect on their behaviour. There is, indeed, a positive relationship between the amount of television violence children have seen and the aggressiveness of their behaviour. However, it is breathed to interpret such co relational evidence. It may be that watching violent programmes cause aggressive behaviour. On the other hand, it may be that naturally aggressive children choose to watch more violent programmes than non-aggressive children.Lots of people also blame of having a bad influence on children and teenagers on violent computer games. There are two explanations of the effects of violence in video gamesThe social eruditeness theory suggesting that children will imitate what they have seen on the screen and the catharsis theory that suggests that violent video games channel a childs aggression and stop them from being aggressive in real life. (Catharsi s theory)However experimental studies (e.g. Irwin and Gross, 1995) have found that acting violent video games increases aggression in children in the short-term at least so supporting the social learning theorys view. Further Video game violence has more effect on young children, but far less effect on teenagers and no homely effects on adults. There is, on the other hand, very little research into the long-term effects of violent video games and at the moment, it is entirely hypothesis of the effects.The media have pro-social effects as well as anti-social ones if the catharsis theory is correct then it can relieve aggressive feelings and prevent aggression in real life. The media cannot be completely blamed for aggression there are other factors to be considered that could influence the person particularly a child. Research portrays children as helpless victims of the medias influence but it has been shown that children can critically talk about the media at age seven. The chi lds upbringing, background, culture and peers could all influence any possible aggressive behaviour. The media alone cannot be blamed for all aggression otherfactors have to be taken into account.What can parent do to protect their children?We cannot fully protect children and teenagers from exaggerated violence on TV, video and PC games. But there are a few options for parents to protect their children. Its been suggested that parents should watch at least one episode of their childrens programme so that they can better understand the content and discuss it with them. Explain questionable incidents (e.g. random violence) that occur and discuss alternatives to violent actions as ways to solve problems. Children also should be taught to differentiate clearly between fiction and real life. Furthermore parents should teach their children not to bully others and make trustworthy that they do not get examples of violence at home or at school. Another option is just to motivate the child ren to activities such as sports, playing with friends, drawing, etc, instead of let them watching TV all the time.Lots of experts argue that it is essential for parents and teachers to provide children with media education, to enable them to analyse the information around them. Children are bombarded with images and information, oftentimes more than they can absorb or understand. Strong influences from media take part in shaping peoples values and views, and it is therefore important that people, from a young age, are taught how to think for themselves and to view the media critically, as well as to respect and tolerate others.Parents should also learn, how to analyse films and to produce videos. They would achieve an insight in how images can be used as a form of expression. Many children and young people know more about computers and unseasoned technology than adults. Many adults are not aware what children watch on television and videos, or what images they can come across on the Internet. It is therefore important that both parents and teachers follow up with the new technology in order to be able to guide and protect the children. That simply means that we should be in enclose of the media rather than the media in control of us. Mass media and technology should be for our benefit, not for ourdestruction. To make this possible the mass media have to reflect the communication needs of all members of society, and at the same time be able to protect the individual as well as the society.Sources usedhttp//www.st-edwards.poole.sch.uk/subjects/psych/new_page_5.htmhttp//www.abelard.org/tv/tv.htmhttp//www.duke.edu/cars/vmedia.htmlhttp//www.cultsock.ndirect.co.uk/MUHome/cshtml/media/violab.html

Poem If Essay Example for Free

Poem If EssayMr. Curran The verse form If by Rudyard Kipling is a actually arouse poem. The main idea of the poem is a father speaking to a son. We do not jazz who the father is or who the son is, but we know that is the relationship between the speaker and the person being spoken too. There is a lot of different interpretations that can be made about this poem also. Some people think that it is God speaking to Jesus, or God speaking to someone through prayer. I personally think that it is a real wise man speaking to his son while he is on his deathbed.There are also m all literary devices used. Like connotation and denotation, the true(a) and the figurative meaning. When the poet writes certain lines I think of it as the literal meaning and then of the figurative meaning, and see what best fits the poem. The line Yours is the Earth is a beloved line to do this to. The literal meaning would be that the person has the whole Earth, like he owns it. The figurative meaning wou ld be that the person has the whole demesne at his disposal he can do whatever he wants and take the world by storm.It can also be another vogue of saying do not take anything for granite. There are many other lines that make me think this way too. If can be an outline for any person who wants to succeed in life and be a better man. The poem is basically saying that if you follow all of these things that are mentioned, then you leave be a true and respected man. I believe that this is true because there are many life lessons inside the poem that are very true. Turn the other cheek is a common lesson that is mentioned in the poem and in real life.He also gives lessons like do not essay your failure, get back up as if it never happened. This is the most important lesson to me, and if you can perfect it, then you bequeath never show fear and you will be respected. You will become a better man. As I get older I learned these lessons more and more. If we can teach these attributes t o young children, then we will have a lot of better men in this world. We cant always have what we want, and we shouldnt take what we

Elephantiasis Disorder Essay Example for Free

Elephantiasis Disorder EssayElephantiasis is usually caused by obstructions in the lymphatic system. It causes a glob in the skin and tissues, generally in the lower trunk and the legs. It is virtually likely seen in the legs and genitals, causing baggy, thick and ulcerated skin, accompanied by pyrexia and chills. Limbs can swell so much that they give resemble an elephants front leg in size, texture and even color. Elephantiasis has two main forms. Lymphatic filariasis is the more or less common form, caused by a parasitic disease just from a bite from a little infected mosquito. This form of Elephantiasis is caused by a parasite, most commonly called roundworms.The parasite blocks the lymphatic vessels, inhibiting their ability to drain the affected area. This disease can be very painful and will most likely jolt the individuals ability to lead a normal life. A severe case can block pedigree vessels, which will limit the blood flow to the skin causing inflammation and po ssible gangrenous. Elephantiasis is recognized as the second leading cause of disability worldwide because of its physical and psychological refer to the affected individual. An economic burden is also a huge issue, although treatments are available, those who are affected are usually from the poor community so they cannot break the drugs to help cure them.The physical impact is very obvious to the infected because of the edema. It makes it very difficult for them to move around to do their daily activities. Most will have thickening skin and a very strong body odor. Because of these symptoms they usually are unemployed making life a struggle for money. Elephantiasis is cognise to be a disease of poverty because it is endemic to poor tropical countries. It is a public health and socio-economic problem worldwide. It affects 120 million people in over 80 countries. The disease is prevalent in urban and rural areas affecting people of all ages and sexes.

Why did Hitler become a Chancellor?

Why did Hitler become a Chancellor?On thirtieth January 1933, President Hindenburg invited Adolf Hitler in public and appointed him as the chancellor of Germany. Whilst some believed that Hitlers rise to office staff was inevitable, to former(a)s it came as astonishment. Many assumed that Hitlers rise to power was besides imputable to his governmental brilliance and his witty national socialist tactics. Yet, in that location atomic number 18 many that believe that it had eitherthing to do with the weakness of Weimar Republic and after the rising aim of unemployment the German people were ready to accept a dictator.There argon many reasons behind the rise of Adolf Hitler. The Munich Putsch was a major event in the rise of Adolf Hitler. Although the Nazis had progressed surface from the end of World War One in 1919 to 1923 they did not check much corroboration in Germany. There main support was in Bavaria and was no use to Hitler in Germany. So Hitler, along with the Nazis at tempted to seize power 1923. Hitler believed that even though he only had three gibibyte members in the Nazi party, he had a chance to win over Weimar Republic Government. How of all time on 9th November 1923 Hitler and the Nazis were subdueed. Although many say that this was a handsome defeat for the Nazi Party, others stated that even though the Putsch itself might have failed, it had launched the Nazis and Hitler into a national frame along with making Hitler famous. It was the main building period of Nazis success. Two days after the Munich Putsch, Adolf Hitler was captured and put to trial. Hitler was sentenced to five years imprisonment, but served less than nine months before he was released. Although the years after the Munich Putsch there were many difficult quantifys for the Nazis, Hitler said, it was the greatest good fortune for us Nazi that the putsch collapsed because the Nazis were not yet prepared to face the great difficulties at the time. He also thought tha t the putsch had proven the most effective propaganda for National Socialism. Hitler also had an opportunity to write his thought and vision in a book c anyed, Mein Kampf.The collapse of the Munich Putsch persuaded Hitler that the only way of seizing power was legal means. He introduced his sustain tactics into the Nazi Party system. He pertinacious to reorganise the party and grow it much effective for elections. Throughout the late 1920s the Nazis ran public meeting and conk outed on winning over the working classes. They had bring outly discovered that the anti-Semitism propaganda worked best amongst the working class. Propaganda worked best with them because it is brainwashing of public and altering their viewpoint. There were many contrary Nazi Propagandas including posters, radios, films and newspapers. Though the Nazis had many varied methods of propaganda, Hitler believed that posters were the best means of propaganda for motley reasons. Posters were cheap and easy to distribute and was used for constant reminder of ideology. Hitler was finding it difficult to win over the middle classes. He fin totallyy realised that he had to focus more on his message because the anti-Jewish message did not work well with the middle classes. He decided to tap the government. There were many posters published criticising Gustav Stresemann and the Dawes Plan suggesting that there were holding Germany on ransom along with the Jewish bankers. The Nazis also held public meetings in various antithetical parts of Germany in order to evoke the identical feelings in the German citizens as the Nazi Members. Using this method, the Nazis developed a very accurate and raw system of propaganda.The Wall Street Clash in October 1929 was the beginning of a great depression but for the Nazis it was the biggest gift they could have ever received. Germany had been hit severely by this because they had to pay rearwards the entire loan they had acquired from the USA as par t of the Dawes Plan. In Germany, the depression affected different people in different ways. It was as if Germany had lost another World War. Unemployment had risen massively in Germany and even the businessmen, who always kept themselves well-protected, felt the impacts of the Great Depression. Everyone in Germany was suffering isolated from the Nazis. Everyone, from Businessmen to factory workers and farmers were hoping that the government, Weimar Republic would help them. Six million German people were unemployed and others were hanging on to their hinges. But the Weimar Republic had no whim what to do about the problem of rising unemployment and poverty. It was the second major economic devastation for the Weimar Constitution. They had resisted themselves from printing more money and increasing government expenditure due to the impact it had on Hyper-inflation in1923. Instead they increased taxes, cut benefits and reduced unemployment benefits. They were not winning the suppor t of German people. Weimar Republic seemed to have do a futureless mess of kick the bucketling the situation. They were already struggling due to the consequences Germany had to face after the end of World War One in 1919. Germany had lost land and their soldiers had to be cut down to 100,000 men only which meant that many ex-soldiers who had fought in World War One were unemployed. They were angry with Weimar Constitution for accepting defeat and were eagre to get back down their revenge. And now Weimar Republics policies had given too much power to the President, the States and the army which weakened the Reichstag as well as dividing them into different groups. Many more inhabitants of Germany, who didnt vote before became more interested in politics because they needed someone who earth-closet give the situation. Extremists parties like the Communists part and the Nazi Party became better known among those who were desperately in need of help. The Nazi said that the Weim ar Republic is to be blamed, the treaty of Versailles and the Jews. They assured the angry Germans that Hitler was their man. The Nazis promised to reduce unemployment by putting them back to work on road building and public works. Hitler had his plans on how to attract many sections of society. Some of his subjects that attracted the Germans included Rip up the Treaty of Versailles, Work independence and Bread and Germany as a national and prideful state. Hitler clearly knew the desires of the Germans and was quick to promise anything that would help the Nazis gain vote in the Reichstag. Whilst, on the other hand the Communists Party said that the Depression showed the capitalist system has doomed and that the only answer was communism. Hitler became aware of the strong electrical resistances and thusly along with Ernst Rohm and Hermann Goring he introduced his own set of men to destroy the opposition, the SA. They wore brown uniform and knew how to deal with the Communists. Th ey were not only used to intimidate opponents but also to gain support for the Nazi Party.During this time Hitler mostly used his leaders skills and tactics to gain as much supporter and power as possible. He was an excellent public utterer and was easily able to put his points across with his powerful and moving speeches. Along with getting his views to his crowd he also demonstrated to them his excellent and strong leadership in the Great German tradition dating back to Kaiser and beyond. His strong personality and powerful ideas seemed to outwit the Weimar Republic. This had a great impact on the elections in 1930. The Nazis made their first great breakthrough when they gained a total of 107 seats in the Reichstag. They were suddenly the second biggest party and at the time, they seemed likely to take over. They were seen as a major force in German history and politics. But what got them these seats? The Nazis were ex-soldiers who felt as if the Treaty of Versailles was a stab o n the back and what they brought with them was decisive. There excellent teamwork and obedience enabled Hitler to work through the whole of Germany. Another of Hitlers main tools was his henchmen Joseph Goebbels was an effective piece of propaganda. He was well trained and used every means to pass his message across. Though he wasnt as good as Hitler, he was intelligent and new how to bring up hatred for the Communists and Jews. He created excellent poster that created fear and disgust not only for the Jews but also the Communists. Hitler was then able to point out that the Nazis knew how to deal with the Communists and their records showed this.The Nazi Party also had support from rich industrialists. Usually rich industrialists voted for the Conservatives Party but after the elections in 1930, they started supporting the Nationalists. Hitler agreed to make a deal with the by rights wing nationalists and the two parties agreed to co-operate. Hitler used this deal as a financial b ackup. This showed the Nazi Party was quite flexible. If they realised that if a proposal was not working for them they would change it. Not only did Hitler use tactics but weakness of opposition parties supported them along with the elections and uprising of the Nazi Party. Other opposition like the Social Democrats underestimated the Nazis. They saw that there support was constant and so they were not willing to change their policies.In 1932, the weakness of Weimar Constitution was clear to all Germans. The Weimar Republic was already unpopular amongst the Germans because they had agreed to sign the Treaty of Versailles and this had left many Germans and ex-soldiers bitter. The Germans were also largely affected by the Depression because they were already damaged by having to pay large sums as part of the reparation. They were then attracted to extremists groups like the Nazis and the Nationalists. Germany was run by an 84 years old man, President Hindenburg. No semipolitical le ader was strong enough to rule Germany. At the time, the Nazi Party was the largest party and commonly the leader of such party was likely to become leader. In this case it was Adolf Hitler. But the only thing that stood in between Hitler and him becoming the chancellor was President Hindenburg. He disliked Hitler along with other Reichstag members who would not work with Hitler. In July 1932 elections, the Nazis won 37.3% of the votes (230 seats) and had once again proved to be the largest party. Hitler demanded to be appointed as the Chancellor but Hindenburg refused and he said, I cannot give all the power to an unorganised and intolerant and violent party. Though after this event, many industrialists and politics wrote to Hindenburg and persuaded his to give Hitler dictatorship. After high pressure, Hindenburg appointed his favourite man, Franz con Papen to be the chancellor of Germany. Von Papen had no support but had hoped to create a right wing coalition government with the support of the Nazis. Hitler was furious that Hindenburg had selected Franz von Papen to be the dictator and thus refused to co-operate with von Papen. Hindenburg decided to call another election. However, this time it was a bad time for the Nazis. They were facing the financial crisis. Though surprisingly help came from two men, General von Schleicher and Franz von Papen. Von Schleicher had stop supporting Von Papen and decided he himself should become Chancellor. So in December 1932 von Schleicher was appointed the chancellor of Prussia. Unfortunately, this triggered off a power struggle between these two men. Schleicher admitted defeat and Hindenburg wanted to re-appoint von Papen but he refused. Instead he suggested that Hindenburg should appoint Hitler instead because as long as the numbers of Nazis in the cabinet are limited the most extreme of Nazi policies could easily be resisted. Following this, President Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler as the Chancellor of Germany and v on Papen as the vice-chancellor of Germany. They (Hindenburg and von Papen) believed that Hitler would be tamed.In conclusion, I believe that the main reason behind Hitler becoming the Chancellor of Germany is the political manoeuvring between Franz von Papen and General von Schleicher. After von Schleicher had failed, von Papen persuaded Hindenburg that another option now existed. The Nazis together Nationalists would have a realistic chance of gaining the majority number of seats in the Reichstag. However Hindenburg was still a little bit cautious, he wasnt very intent on appointing Hitler as chancellor due to his extreme ideas. He had on a previous occasion refused to appoint Hitler. The Nazis were also suffering from a big problem. They were running toward bankruptcy and were gradually losing seats in the Reichstag. Many of their supporters have left and this could be due to Hitler failing to become the chancellor on various occasions. The Communists votes were increasing and t he Nazis were going towards the biggest landslide they would have to face. I believe that if the political power struggle wouldnt have occurred then Hitler would not have come to power. I believe that economical power was Hitlers and the Nazis backbone and in 1932 their backbone was due to break. This is basically what helped in revealing the great frame in Hitlers rise to power in Germany in January 1933 as he was appointed as Chancellor and the rise of Great Evil began.The monk by Matthew Lewis Summary and AnalysisThe Monk by Matthew Lewis Summary and AnalysisIntroductionThe monk which is an historical novel written by Matthew Lewis in 1796, is noted as one of the most abstruse among the classic gothic novels that were published in those times between 1764 and 1820). From the begging, the novel portrays reveals sexuality and the meaning of catholic lust and incest. The novel later overted the complicated and homosexual nuances of sexuality which have shocked and intrigued thos e readers who believe in the more chaste and faithful oeuvres of Radcliffe Ann. The thesis of the novel which can be regarded as the bleak story of monastic Catholism was agreed to and upheld by those individuals who were hostile to the Catholic Church in France and England (Steven Blakemore, 1998).According to Steven, Catholism avoided the pure religion which in turn promoted deviant sexual practices which came from the stirred vows of chastity that violated nature. The sexual repression of catholic stimulated the obscure insincerity that covered the orgiastic sexuality carried out in unnatural and convents and monasteries. In England, the demonisation of sex by the aberrant catholic other was part of the ideological formation of national identity of protestants in England. Moreover the monk was published at a time when france was at war with England and the French revolution was still linked with the terror. As a result there were a series of political and sexual anxieties, in particular anxieties concerning feminine men and masculine men. These anxieties are also involved in the contexts and texts of The Monk.According to Steven, although the critics have for along time focused on the erotic dimensions of the novel, its many inversions in sex and religion as well as the ideological implications of the attendants, have not yet been systematically evaluated. Lewis in his writing of the monk, he performs linguistically the equivalent of a black mass, while subverting and inverting the traditional purposes of sex and religion, which is an ironical correspondence of the satanic ceremonies in the novel. This paper concentrates on the significance of sexual and religious inversions in the novel The Monk while making references to the gendered language of femininity and masculinity. The paper also extends its research to the way these inversions aver about the connection between misogyny and feminine, catholic Other in the protestant discourse of the eighteent h century.Sexual and religious inversions in The MonkThe idea of anti-Catholicism in the monk is basically portrayed through Ambrosio who was a chief catholic villain. Ambrosio was discovered as an infant at the door of abbey, raised by the church, but latter became flair. Having been brought up by the church, Ambrosio rose to the position of abbot and was celebrated in the whole of Madrid while being respected for his righteousness particularly his strict respect for chastity. Since the beginning, Ambrosio is put in a feminine position, as a young virgin who is sheltered and protected so that she can maintain her virtue and innocence. More so Ambrosio is not familiar to the man and its temptations.In the monk, the emphasis on monastic male chastity by the catholic, which is normally a condemned issue in the literature of Protestants, has its base in female virtue and virginity, which has been an issue in most of the novels and conduct books of the nineteenth century. In t this co ntext, Ambrosio is particularly related to Antonio who is also a sheltered and protected young virgin and equally unknown to the world and its temptations just like Ambrosio (p.12). In this story, Antonio and Ambrosio are a sister and a brother but both of them are not aware of the blood kinship since they had been separated during their early ages. On the other hand both Antonio and Ambrosio seem to have a sublimated, mutual incestuous attraction.An admirer of Antonio, who was known as Lorenzo, identified Ambrosio to Antonio and her aunt Leonella while thematically presenting Ambrosio as a virgin by referring to his story where he was found and how he was brought up. Ambrosio was found/ discovered at the capuchins door and was accordingly largely believed to a present from Virgin Mary (p.17). Ambrosio who was thirty years at that time, had lived in seclusion from the outside world and therefore knew nothing about sex, real he was a strict observer of chastity and knew nothing of what consisted the difference between a man and a woman (p.17). His character was undisputable, and had not been stained.The author of the monk uses suggestively gendered language, to make the male monk appear like a holy virtuous female and then connects him with Antonio a female who is also ignorant of sex. Leonellas ridiculous react that Antonio, just like Ambrosio does not know the difference between an man and woman and that she views everybody as being of the same sex with herself, happen to connect the same brother and sister together (pp17-18). The authors point in using metaphors and suggestively gendered language is to show that the vows of chastity in catholic feminize monks who then are made susceptible to hypocrisy and temptation by their sexual ignorance. This is emphasized when Rosaria, a fiend camouflaged as a young male novitiate, discloses that he is actually a woman. Rosaria, whose real name was Matilda had reformulated Leonellas unworkable imperative. Just like Antonio, Ambrosio was supposed to forget that Matilda was a woman because she had disguised her sex so that she could be friends with Leonella and apology him from sexual knowledge (p.63).The fact that Matilda is actually an evil spirit (demon), who pretends to be a woman while she is a man, exploits the sexual controversy as well as brings confusion of gender roles in the novel. Sexual knowledge in the novel is viewed as the forbidden apple which makes which tempts allusively the feminized monk to fall. Matilda is at the same time archetypal fatale woman who later corrupts the virtues of Ambrosio. However hi devilish seduction is enhanced by Ambrosios ignorance on sexual matters which then makes him very susceptible to Matildas seduction. Ambrosio evaluates his keep down attraction to Matilda by repeating her seductive arguments after showing her nakedness to him may I not safely credit her assertions? Will it not be easy for me to forget her sex and consider her as my friend an d as my disciple?, She strove to keep me in ignorant of her sex.. She has not made attempts to rouse my slumbering passions, nor has she ever conversed with me till this night on the subject of love (PP.66-67).According to Lewis (), prelapsarian ignorance and innocence of knowledge about sex is an illusion, hence Ambrosio is easily lured into sexual relationship with the deceiving Matilda the sexual repression lastly ends up in the very knowledge which the monk was denying. Ambrosio is also further feminized by vocabulary that is specifically gendered which contextually differentiated by the female from the male sex, but them its averted and reapplied by Lewis to the central catholic villain of the novel. In the eighteenth century such words like virtue, innocence, shame and honor, had a gendered significance. For example a, word like virtue came from a Latin word vir which means man, while virtus implied masculine strength, excellence and courage. Generally the word meant male virt ue. Although it had other meanings, when applied to the sexes the word signified sexual division of labor.In the monk, just like a gendered virgin of the eighteenth century, Ambrosio is respected for his virtue, particularly his chastity which on the other side makes him susceptible to temptations of sex. In the early part of the book, Lorenzo indicates that although the character of Ambrosio is undisputable since he had grown up in the monastery for his whole life, he is therefore not ready to face the world together with its temptations. Lorenzo noted that being a monk the ecclesiastical duties of Ambrosio will make him enter into the outside world where his virtue and righteousness will be put to test.The Monks numerous sexual, religious interventions and their attendant ideological implications have not been systematically explored. He goes on to say, In this context, I focus on the significance of the novels sexual and religious inversions with reference to the gendered languag e of masculinity and femininity,Works citedSteven Blakemore 1998 Matthew Lewiss black mass sexual, religious inversion in the monk. (http//www.highbeam.com/doc/1g1-54196880.html)